These tropical aroids share similar care needs, but they are different genera. Common names and juvenile leaves are a frequent source of confusion.
MonsteraMature leaves often develop fenestrations
PhilodendronHeartleaf types usually remain entire
BothClimb using aerial roots
Pet safetyKeep both away from pets
Look at mature leaves
Monstera deliciosa typically develops splits and internal holes as it matures in suitable light. Philodendron hederaceum usually keeps thinner, solid heart-shaped leaves.
Check the stem and new growth
Philodendrons commonly produce a papery sheath called a cataphyll around new leaves. Monstera leaves emerge from the petiole sheath and the plant develops robust nodes and aerial roots.
Care differences
Both prefer an airy mix and bright indirect light. Monstera generally needs more physical space and a stronger climbing support; heartleaf philodendron is easy to trail or train.